A Complete Guide to EU EORI Numbers, ENS Filing, and MRNs for U.S. Exporters

Shipping goods from the USA to the European Union (EU) requires compliance with customs regulations, including obtaining an EORI number, filing an Entry Summary Declaration (ENS), and understanding your MRN (Movement Reference Number). This guide walks you through each step to ensure smooth customs clearance.

1. Obtaining an EU EORI Number

What is an EORI Number?

An Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number is a unique identifier required for any business importing or exporting goods into the EU. Without it, your shipment may be delayed or rejected at customs.

Who Needs It?

U.S. companies shipping to the EU for the first time
Businesses acting as the "Importer of Record" (IOR)
Freight forwarders handling customs clearance

How to Apply:

Determine Where to Register
If shipping to Germany, France, or the Netherlands, register directly with their customs authorities.
If unsure, apply via the EU country where you first do business.
Submit an Application

Provide:

Business name & U.S. tax ID (EIN)
VAT number (if applicable)
Expected trade activities
Apply online through the EU member state’s customs website (e.g., Dutch Customs)

Receive Your EORI

Typically issued within 3-5 business days.

Format: EU + Country Code + Business ID (e.g., EUG123456789 for Germany).

Tip: Some EU-based freight forwarders can obtain an EORI on your behalf.

2. Filing the Entry Summary Declaration (ENS)

What is ENS?

The Entry Summary Declaration (ENS), also called "pre-arrival" or "safety and security" filing, must be submitted at least 24 hours before cargo arrives at the first EU port.

Who Submits It?

The carrier (air/sea freight) or the importer’s customs broker.
U.S. exporters must ensure their freight forwarder files it correctly.

Key Data Required:

EORI number
Shipper & consignee details
Cargo description & HS codes
Container/seal numbers
Transport document (BOL/AWB)

How to File:

Through the EU’s Import Control System (ICS) or a customs broker.
If using a freight forwarder, confirm they handle ENS.

Penalties for Non-Compliance:

Customs holds
Fines up to €5,000
Shipment refusal

3. Understanding the MRN (Movement Reference Number)

What is an MRN?

The MRN is a unique 18-digit code issued after successful ENS filing. It tracks your shipment through EU customs.

Where to Find It:

On the ENS acknowledgment (shared by your carrier/broker).

Format: XX (country code) + 16 alphanumeric digits (e.g., FR123456789012345).

Why It Matters:

Required for customs clearance and delivery.
Proof that ENS was filed correctly.

Key Takeaways for U.S. Exporters

Get an EORI before shipping to avoid delays.
Confirm ENS filing with your freight forwarder.
Save your MRN for tracking and customs checks.

Need Help? Work with an EU customs broker. Some EU customs brokers offer same-day EORI registration.

Pro Tip: For frequent shipments, automate ENS filings via an EDI system (e.g., AEB or Descartes).

By following these steps, your goods will clear EU customs smoothly, minimizing delays and extra costs.